Brief Middle-Eastern History

The history of the Middle East is a rich history that consists of religion, culture, knowledge and conflicts. It once contained one of the world’s largest and longest-lasting empires, known as the Ottoman Empire. Though this history is discredited, it was also the center of the science, math, art, technology, and inventions.

So let's begin...

• 4000-300 BC: The Middle Eastern history started In Egypt, which was first conquered by the Persian Empire (presently known as Iran). The Persian Empire was defeated by Alexander the Great of Macedonia, who conquered all of the Middle East. Later on the romans took over all of the Middle East except for Persia.

•  570-632 AD: Mohammad (peace be upon him) received the revelation of the Islamic religion and lead an Arab-Islamic empire that spreads over the Middle East.
  
  
• 661-750: The Umayyad Dynasty gains control over the Arab-Islamic Empire and greatly expands its territories. The empire spreads westward throughout North Africa, north into Spain, and eastward to the borders of India and China.

• 759-1258: The Abassid Dynasty, the second major one of the Arab-Islamic empire, gains control and moves the capital to Baghdad, however declines in the control of the Abassids over their far-reaching empire allows the Seljuks, a Turkish people, to gain control over much of Asia Minor and the Persian Empire to break free.

• 1453: The Ottoman Empire gains control over Constantinople and renames Istanbul. Earlier Turkish success grew into the Ottoman Empire which will continue to expand until it controls nearly all of the Middle East except for Iran.

• 19th century: The Muslim empires of the Middle East decline in power. The Ottoman Empire loses territory and influence to Russia and Austria.

• 1914-1918: The Ottoman Empire sides with Germany during World War I. The resulting loss causes the empire to be broken up. Much of its territory is divided between France and Britain.

• 1917: The Balfour Declaration by the British clearly expresses support for a Jewish state in Palestine, known as Israel.

• 1922-1990: Slowly, the divided Ottoman Empire regions began to gain independence, which created the following countries we see today; Egypt, Turkey, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Iran, and Yemen.

•  1967: Many wars were taken place, including the six-day war between Israel and Egypt, Palestine, Jordan, and Syria.

•  2003: Iraq was invaded by the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Poland.

• 2011-Present Day: Palestine is continued to be occupied by Israel, with constant conflict with neighboring countries. The people of Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya revolted against their tyrant leaders and received their freedom from their tyrant rule. Syria also revolted against their leader, however, caused a civil war which continues till today. 

Sources:

Michael. (08, 1996 19). History Of The Middle East. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CEAQFjAB&url=http://library.thinkquest.org/3526/facts/timeline.html&ei=jsiBUee5OIWr4AOLyICYCA&usg=AFQjCNHRXTrw6Ncdp0BoFuiZGzIdT8lWoA&sig2=dhucqbIbEwNlI04CEakWMg